Should Abortion Be Legal - 1437 Words

The controversial issue within United States to be discussed is whether or not abortion should be legal. The issue originated from the case Roe vs Wade; henceforth abortion is now a fundamental right recognized by the US Supreme Court. Top current debates today from proponents and opponents are: pregnant women will resort to unsafe illegal abortions if there is no legal option and it is a fundamental human right for the women to choose. Many suggest there are better alternatives such as adoption, and abortion is wrong because killing a fetus demeans the value of human life. Primary advocates who support abortion are identified as pro-choice; they contend that abortion is a human right that should not be limited by governmental or religious authority. Those against abortion are identified as pro-life;they assert life begins at conception and fetuses are innocent human being entitled to human rights. Within the United States, Abortion should be a pregnant woman s choice for their well -being and safeness, restrictions interfering with unintended pregnant woman s freedom, and for the overall well-fare of the fetus if it were to born. Within United States, abortion should be a pregnant woman s choice for their health and safety. For instance, the Guttmacher Institute affirm, â€Å"Abortion is one of the safest medical procedures, with minimal—less than 0.05%—risk of major complications that might not need hospital care† (â€Å"facts on...†). Abortion is proven to be safe andShow MoreRelatedAbortion Should Not Be Legal1647 Words   |  7 PagesOne of the most highly debated topics is abortion and whether or not it should be legal. People who oppose abortion, meaning they are pro-life claim that abortion should be completely illegal with no aspects of it whatsoever; it can be a murder for the people standing against it. The other side of the argument, meaning people who are pro-choice, defend it by believing it to be a right been given t o the women. They also claim even if abortion was to be illegal, it would still be practiced. EveryRead MoreAbortion Should Not Be Legal920 Words   |  4 Pagesworld has struggled with for ages and one thing that people are advocating around the world for is abortion. Abortion is either a procedure or pill that stops a fetus s heart. Abortion should not be legal because life beings at creation, abortions are a direct violation of the 14th amendment, and thousands of people would love to adopt a child: handicapped or otherwise. Abortion should not be legal because life begins at creation. What is creation? Some people say conception, but it actually isRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?1320 Words   |  6 PagesAbortion, as you all may know, is a really popular topic. There have long been many debates between the two groups, pro-life and pro-choice. People who are pro-life believe that part of the government’s job is to protect all forms of human life. Those who are pro-choice believe that every individual should have control over their own reproductive systems. Pro-life supporters strongly believe that even an undeveloped fetus has life; it is still growing and it needs to be protected. And this soundsRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?1217 Words   |  5 PagesNovember 2015 Should Abortion be Legal Among all the issues that have been fought for or against in the United States, abortion may be one of the most popular issues that Americans are passionate about. Abortion is defined as the removal of the embryo or fetus from the uterus in order to end a pregnancy. Thousands of abortions take place every single day, and yet public opinion remains at a standstill as to whether or not abortion is ethical. Everyone holds different opinions on abortion. The proponentsRead MoreAbortion Should Not Be Legal Essay1596 Words   |  7 Pages Abortions have been performed on women for thousands of years. Abortion is the deliberate termination of a human pregnancy. Most often it is performed during the first 20 weeks of being pregnant. The controversy over whether or not abortion should be legal continues to divide Americans till this day. An important landmark case was the Roe v. Wade case, where the Court argued that the zone of privacy was broad enough to encompass a woman s decision whether or not to terminateRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal? Essay1089 Words   |  5 PagesWhen the word abortion is heard, it is always associated with many negative things such as murder and inhumanity. However not legalizing abortion creates a huge problem for women around the world. Having a child takes consideration, planning and preparation and if pregnancy happens without any of this, why bother to have it at all? The reasons why abortion should be legal is that it supports the fundamental human rights for women by giving them a choice, it reduces crime by reducing the number ofRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?1135 Words   |  5 PagesKelsi Hodgkin Composition 1 Professor Chipps 19 October 2015 Should Abortion Be Legal A common debate in the world today involves abortion, the deliberate end of human pregnancy, and whether or not it should be legalized. â€Å"Every year in the world there are an estimated 40-50 million abortions. This corresponds to approximately 125,000 abortions per day† (â€Å"Abortions Worldwide this Year†). On one side of the argument, people are not disturbed by this grotesque number, and on theRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?963 Words   |  4 PagesLegal or Illegal? Which would you prefer? Not many are willing to discuss such a gut wrenching topic, but this needs to be addressed. It is a very controversial topic with having to do with women rights and activists. Since there are two sides to every argument, there is one side such as to make abortion legal and the opposing side to keep abortions illegal. In my opinion making abortion illegal can regulate the amount of women who do get pregnant. I believe that making abortions legal will let womenRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?867 Words   |  4 PagesABORTION Abortion is a deliberate termination of a human pregnancy, most often performed the first 20 weeks of pregnancy. There are series of legal, moral and ethical issues which may arise about abortion. Most arguments about abortion are often focused on political insinuations and the legal aspect of such actions. Some frequently asked questions’ regarding the issue is if the practice should be outlawed and regarded as murder or should women have the right to practice it. For example, prior toRead MoreShould Abortions Be Legal?939 Words   |  4 PagesShould abortions be legal? Abortions have been a big issue since the Roe v Wade case. There have been a lot of disagreements between the Pro-life supporters and the pro-choice supporters. Pro-life supporters feel like abortions deter murder, while pro-choice supporters believe that the women should be able to make their own decisions. I am a part of the pro-life supporters because I feel like abortions are wrong for several of reasons. Why should women get an abortion if there are other choices for

Serial Killers - 1651 Words

Dennis Nilson stated a mind can be evil without being abnormal. If this is the case, then what makes a serial killer tick? The definition of a serial killer is; a series of two or more murders committed as separate events usually, but not always, by one offender standing alone. (Brookes, 1988) Over the years, many murderers have been given this term. From the early days of Jack the Ripper, to the most recently publicized case of the sniper, all have different motives and reasons to the crimes that they commit. Most of the serial killers suffer from mental illness/addictions or have had traumatic life experiences. This is not always the case though; some can also be racially motivated. The typical serial killer is a lower to†¦show more content†¦Malvo was sentenced to many life sentences without parole, and Muhammad was sentenced to the death penalty. Both killers still have pending trials within other states. Forensic Science Forensic and DNA casework has been a major player in catching these cold blooded killers. Since most investigators have to work from clues, they rely on these sources to lead them in the right direction. Many findings such as, blood, weapons, hair, or any source of DNA can help put the puzzle pieces of these cases together. This has solved many cases, and is a strong piece of evidence in the judicial system. Muhammad Malvoy, The Snipers In the sniper case, an anonymous caller (believed to be Muhammad) told a priest to inform police to investigate a robbery in Alabama. When the police looked into the robbery, part of the evidence Alabamas police force had found were a set of fingerprints from a magazine. Further investigation proved these prints belongs to Malvo, who was already on file. Since Malvo lived with Muhammad for a year in Washington, they were both linked together. After police knew about Muhammad, they discovered he purchased an old police car in New Jersey. After announcing to the public the type of vehicle to search for, it led to the capture of the two killers. John Wayne Gacy Jr. John Wayne Gacy Jr. was a sexual predator/serial killer who murdered young men and buried them under his home. He confessedShow MoreRelatedSerial Killer : Serial Killers939 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is a serial killer? Serial killers are very sick and distraught compared to others. As indicated by the Vancouver Sun, a serial killer is characterized as somebody who is responsible for more than three killings over a period that than traverses over one month.In 2005 the fbi changed it to at least two killings with no reference to intention or time span. Generally, serial killers murder for some kind of mental benefit. Serial Killers can come in all shapes and sizes: don t be tricked byRead MoreSerial Killers And The Serial Killer1101 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The serial killer ‘is an entirely different criminal,’ †The term serial killer is misleading on the ground that each murder is intended to be the last.† We see them as a figure of â€Å"the dark side of human potential,† but they believe they’re â€Å"on a heroic quest for the biggest score possible† They believe they are â€Å"the archetypal figure of impurity, the representative of a world which needs cleansing.† However, society knows that serial killers are not heroes, and they’re not cleansing the worldRead MoreSerial Killer And Serial Killers Essay1171 Words   |  5 PagesAmerica has some of the most infamous serial killers who marked history, serial killers who once didn’t even think to harm any human being. Many people grow up differently from others, some people grow up in a safe environment surrounded with caring people and others grow up in a completely different environment being missed treated by others, therefore are serial killers made or born? A serial killer is defined as â€Å"a person who commits more than three murders over a period that spans more thanRead MoreSerial Killer And Serial Killers1644 Words   |  7 PagesSerial Killer A serial killer is someone who has killed three or more people on separate occasions with enough time between, allowing them to calm down or reflect on what they did. There are separate categories for serial killers. The types of serial killers are organized killers, unorganized killers, and medical killers (Crime museum, 2015, para. 1, 2, 3). Beverley Allitt was considered to be under the medical killer category. Allitt killed a total of 4 children in less than a year span (McCrystalRead MoreSerial Killer : Serial Killers909 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to an FBI study, â€Å"there have been approximately 400 serial killers in the United States in the past century, with anywhere from 2,526 to 3,860 victims (Hickey). No one really understands serial killers. It is actually quite difficult to comprehend how the mind of a serial killer works. Some believe that a serial killer feels strongly attracted by a specific physical characteristic in the victim. It could be his or her appe arance: facial features, clothes, or even personality. On the otherRead MoreSerial Killers And The Serial Killer1080 Words   |  5 Pageshelp? This was the technique one of the most infamous serial killer Ted Bundy used to approach his victims and ultimately murder them. B. Background and Audience Relevance: Today, I will be speaking to you about serial killers. C. Speaker Credibility: I decided to do my topic on serial killers because, criminology is something I’m genuinely interested in and would like to learn more about it myself. D. Thesis: By learning about serial killers, hopefully in the future they can be captured fasterRead MoreSerial Killers : A Serial Killer1820 Words   |  8 Pagesunderstand a serial killers background to get an understanding of how childhood trauma could lead to their need to kill. Although there are no exact factors that would absolutely cause a child to grow up into a serial killer, research found by Laurence Miller in â€Å"Serial killers: II. Development, Dynamics, and Forensics,† suggest that there are several common factors found in multiple serial killers’ childhoods. For example, some of the leading childhood characteristics found among serial killers includeRead MoreSerial Killers : A Serial Killer Essay1003 Words   |  5 PagesCrimes and criminals define not only places, but certain time periods. Serial killers are usually the ones that individuals tend to remember the most. An individual is considered a serial killer when they murder three or more individ uals during a period of time with a cooling off period between each crime (Frailing Harper, 2016). The purpose of this paper is to discuss one of the most controversial and yet famous serial killer, Theodore Robert Bundy. Something interesting that attracts the attentionRead MoreSerial Killers : The Serial Killer Essay2076 Words   |  9 PagesThis serial killer was chosen because this serial killing pair is the most infamous English serial killers duo in the 1990s. Fred and Rosemary West were not convicted of all the murders they participated in; however, they were sentenced to life imprisonment. Also, this case is interesting because Rosemary West, to this day, does not claim to know anything about the murders even though she has victims that survived her attacks and have spoken against her in court. These serial killers have been coveredRead MoreFemale Serial Killers : A Serial Killer Essay1190 Words   |  5 PagesFemale Serial Killers For the most part the domain of serial homicide is ruled by men. There is however some females that has and can be serial killers. According to Bartol Bartol (2005) there have been at thirty six female serial killers throughout the United States. In general society we do not like to believe that women are capable of committing such acts, but as we continue to alter our views, moral, and beliefs of women’s equality and feminism there is room for women to be just as likely

Mock Exam Constitutional Law B Free Essays

Constitutional Law Exam (Practice) N. B. The questions in this exam are taken, in part, from the tutorial questions – but expanded. We will write a custom essay sample on Mock Exam Constitutional Law B or any similar topic only for you Order Now Question One: The Commonwealth government passes a tax act on coal which is 10% tax on the sale of coal. The act also deals with regulations on the way coal is mined in states. If a coal company heeds all the regulations the government will increase the amount of funding given to the States for all its projects. The tax will increase the price of coal sold interstate as the companies attempt to offset the tax increase. The act also provides provisions for new mining companies that set up in ‘country towns’ will pay only 7% of the tax – this is part of its decentralised sustainable planning policy. To encourage people to go and work in these country towns and to encourage other businesses also the act adjusts the income tax rate for people who work in the mines and live in the country. It also prescribes a reduction in HECS and education costs for miners with children who attend university/school. †¢Is there a head of power to support these laws? If yes, †¢Is the Act constitutionally valid? Issues for concern: Multi-characterisation: †¢S 51(20) – Corporations power – ‘trading corporation’ –Adamson’s activities test etc. †¢S 51(1) – Trade and Commerce. †¢S 51(2) – Taxation power. †¢S 51(39) – Incidental Power. Constitutional Limitations: †¢S 51(2) does it discriminate between States? – s51(2) – issue of non-coal mining tax compared to coal mining states – Tasmania v Queensland †¢Regulations – cleaner technology – more funding from federal government gives preference to mining States – Tasmania v Queensland – possible breach of s 99? The coal tax act must deal exclusively with tax anything else [regulations] shall have no effect: s 55. So notwithstanding s 99 breaches may have no effect through s 55 anyway. †¢Section 92 – in effect the laws impact on the ‘absolutely free’ intercourse of trade between states à ¢â‚¬â€œ increase in prices. †¢Section 117 – tax reduced to 7% or new business setting up in country towns; adjustment of income tax rates in for country towns – and educational benefits – discrimination between the residences of States. Question Two: The Federal Government makes a regulation in the immigration legislation in relation to that claiming refugee status. It states that the applications of those who come from Middle Eastern countries should not be processed for six months. The Government argues these rules are necessary because the situation in those countries is unsettled, and it is difficult for them to properly assess claims of persecution at this time. The new regulations also prevent the renewal of all working visas for Middle Eastern people, and require immediate deportation of people whose visas have expired. The new regulations also require that those of Islamic faith (from Middle-Eastern countries) must identify themselves with a patch sewn on their clothes and any mosque must be registered with the Australian Federal Police. The regulations prescribe that the accounting books of these mosques are audited every two months. There has been a great deal of protest over these new laws and so the government has also passed regulation that attempts to retard the more aggressive protestors by imposing mandatory prison sentences for those people cause grievous bodily harm to police officers in protesting, or cause damage to cars/buildings or other property. †¢Is there a head of power to support these laws? If yes, †¢Is the Act constitutionally valid? Issues for concern: Multi-characterisation: †¢S 51(19) – Alien power. †¢S 51(26) – Race. S 51(2) – Emigration or Immigration. †¢S 51(39) – Incidental Power. †¢S 51(6) – Defence Power (not an issue for the exam – but noteworthy). Constitutional Limitations: †¢Breach of freedom of religion s 116. †¢Implied freedom of political communication †¢Possibly an issue of Separation of Powers – Kable – (not an issue for the exam – but noteworthy). Question Three: The F ederal Government makes regulation to stimulate the economy and then begins issue handouts to business in the Eastern States, as well as Eastern State Governments. They argue that because Eastern States contribute the most to our economy their economies are more important coming out of a recession. †¢Is there a head of power to support these laws? If yes, †¢Is the Act constitutionally valid? Issues for concern: Multi-characterisation: †¢S 96 – Grants to the States. †¢S 81 – Appropriations – head of power for this section: †¢S 51(20) – Corporations power – ‘trading corporation’ –Adamson’s activities test etc. †¢S 51(1) – Trade and Commerce. S 51(39) – Incidental Power. Constitutional Limitations: †¢Section 99 – preference to States. †¢Section 117 – residence. Question Four: (Essay Question) Are rights in Australia sufficiently covered by the Constitution; even when rights have been provided for – right to trial by jury – they have been narrowly construed to circumvent their application? Should this happe n? Is a bill of Rights need in our constitutional regime? Are implied rights sufficient. Discuss – with reference to examples. How to cite Mock Exam Constitutional Law B, Essays

The Routledge Companion to Financial Accounting Theory.

Question: Discuss about the The Routledge Companion to Financial Accounting Theory. Answer: Revisiting the conceptual framework Reason for Principles-based standards requiring a conceptual framework The FASB (Financial Accounting Standards Board) and IASB (International Accounting Standards Board) holds the responsibility of establishing accounting standards for financial accounting and reporting. The FASB and IASB are sharing a common goal for developing accounting standards to be principles-based. The current accounting standards are mainly based on conventions and thus there exist a requirement of financial accounting standards to be based on fundamental accounting concepts and principles. The accounting standards of FASB and IASB are currently based on a set of rules and conventions in order to enhance accuracy and reducing ambiguity in the preparation of financial statements. On the other hand, principles-based accounting standards are based mainly on generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) that will provide a conceptual basis for accountants in financial reporting. There is a wide debate on the current accounting standards of IASB and FASB to be based on principles based or rules-based (Camfferman and Zeff, 2015). The current objective of FASB and IASB is to develop conceptual framework for accounting that are principles-based to ensure good financial reporting. The main advantage of principles-based accounting to be used in conceptual framework is that accounting reporting guidelines are practically based to aid accountants for ensuring good reporting. The principles-based accounting standards will help in ensuring that financial statements prepared are reliable and publish consistent information to be used in decision-making. Thus, the conceptual framework of the board should be based on body of principles that guides the accounting and reporting standards (Wolk, 2008). Importance of IASB and FASB sharing a common conceptual framework IASB and FASB should share a common conceptual framework for refinement, updating, completing and converging IASB and FASB accounting standards. The conceptual framework of IASB and FASB were established in the 1970s and 1980s and therefore requires refinement and updation. The FASB and IASB are recently aiming to converge their accounting standards for overcoming the difficulties that can arise if the decisions are based on different frameworks. The convergence of accounting standards would help in establishing clear and appropriate accounting principles that helps in developing accurate financial statements (Epstein, 2009). The IASB and FASB are presently undertaking a common project for developing an improved conceptual framework that is based on common standards for removing inconsistency in financial reporting. The convergence of IASB and FASB will help in new accounting standards that are based on generally accepted accounting principles in order to enhance reliability and tran sparency of financial reporting. Also, the convergence will aid in updating the conceptual framework so that financial information presented to the stakeholders is helpful in analysing and examining the financial stability of a firm (Epstein, 2009). The IASB and FASB have initiated a joint project with the main agenda of converge their accounting standards to remove inconsistency existing in financial accounting reporting standards. The business organisations around the world would gain large benefit from convergence of IASB and FASB accounting standards as there will be less ambiguity in reporting standards to be followed while developing financial statements. The reliability of financial statements developed by businesses around the world would increase in case of following one universally accepted accounting standard. The accounting representations of business organisations around the world will be more complete, neutral and error-free. The faithful representation of the accounting information to the stakeholders would increase with the convergence of IASB and FASB accounting rules and principles (Macve, 2015). Conceptual Framework is more important to some parties than others The primary purpose of the conceptual framework is to assist the preparation and presentation of financial reports by business organisations around the world. The International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) have stated that the main purpose of the conceptual framework is to aid IASB in develop accounting standards that will be used by businesses worldwide in accounting and financial reporting. The IASB develop accounting policies from the guidelines of revised conceptual framework that helps in understanding and interpretation of financial statements prepared by businesses across the world. The revised conceptual framework also assists several parties other than IASB in providing better understanding of the accounting policies and standards (Stolowy and Lebas, 2006). The most important user of the conceptual framework is IASB as it consistently uses its concepts in developing and revisiting accounting standards. However, some parties other than IASB also gain the help of conceptual framework in developing an understanding of the accounting standards and policies. This is because conceptual framework provides a basic understanding and interpretation of the accounting policies used in developing of financial statements. For examples, auditors and regulators uses conceptual framework at the time of decision-making during reviewing the financial statements of business organisations. The IFRS committee also gains the help of conceptual framework guidelines for developing an understanding of the financial statements. Thus, it can be stated that several parties uses conceptual framework guidelines but it is more important to IASB than other parties (Mazhambe, 2014). Cross-Cutting Issue and its examples The cross-cutting issue in accounting refers to take into account uncertainty during the measurement of an asset or liability. The uncertainty arises when as asset or liability is assessed by analysing future cash flows or when future cash flows are uncertain. The conceptual framework presents the guidelines on use of cash flow information in order to provide fair value of an asset or liability during preparation of financial reports. The possible example of cross-cutting issue is measuring the unit of account. This refers whether the items should be measured in aggregation or individually. Other example of cross-cutting issue includes accounting of direct acquisition costs as an asset in insurance industry. However, the U.S. has introduced changes about the type of costs to be included as asset and that to be included as expenditure. The accounting of acquisitions costs is a major cross-cutting issue for the insurers as they incur a huge cost in acquiring and originating insurance c ontracts. Thus, there is high debate over the accounting of acquisition costs so that it can be recovered during cash flows. The most important point of discussion in accounting of acquisition costs its meeting the criteria of an asset (Camfferman and Zeff, 2015). The trend toward fair value accounting Fundamental problem with financial statements based upon historic cost measurement principle under US GAAP Historic cost in accounting refers to the value of an asset based on its initial cost at the time of its purchase. The historic cost of an asset denotes its price on the balance sheet that is entirely based on its nominal or original cost. The method of historic costing is used mainly in generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). The historic cost method of accounting does not take into account inflated adjusted market value and only record an asset based on its initial purchase price. This method of accounting has been criticised by accountants over a period of time as it does not reflect the present market value of an asset. The main problem with financial statements that are based on historic cost measurement principle under US GAAP is that it does not depict any change in market value of an asset over a period of time. Thus, the financial statements prepared with the use of historic accounting method have a major problem of lack of relevance. The financial statements cannot predict the relevant information about the future growth and profitability of an enterprise though the use of historic cost measurement principle. The investors cannot analyse and examine the real financial condition of an enterprise through the use of historic cost accounting as the assets are valued on past values under this method. Thus, the method of historic cost accounting though being a simplistic accounting method is not very useful as the financial information depicted is not reliable for the end-users (Jones, 2015). Analysis of principle accounts must reflect economic reality as a core principle of measurement in accounting The financial reporting of business organisations must faithfully present economic reality in order to safeguard the interest of stakeholders. The introduction of a principle-based system will help in developing financial reports that truly present the economic reality of the business transactions. In this context, it is essential that financial statements should be prepared through the use of fair value accounting method rather than historic cost measurement principle. The core principle of measurement in accounting should be based on reflecting economic reality so that financial reports reflect the true financial condition of an organisation to the end-users. The auditors, investors and all the stakeholders can gain clear information about the market reality with the use of such an accounting principle. The use of principle-based accounting standards will truly represent the economics of transaction and thus help in tracking a real interpretation of economic reality. The true and faithful presentation of the economic information through financial reporting would also help in sound judgement taken by management for improving the financial condition of the organisation. Thus, the principle accounts must reflect economic reality as a core principle of measurement in accounting should be used in order to depict the real economic condition of an organisation through financial reporting (Greenberg, 2013). Measuring Economic Reality Economic reality plays a highly important role in establishing of accounting standards and practices. The IASB and FASB are presently sharing a common goal of revising the conceptual framework for updating and revisiting the accounting standards and policies. In this context, the main objective of FASB and IASB is to incorporate the use of principles-based accounting standards in conceptual framework. The establishment of principle-based accounting standards will promote faithful presentation of economic reality in accounting and financial reporting. The economic reality can be measured through the use of fair value accounting method under GAAP by the IASB and FASB (Mazhambe, 2014). The fair value method of accounting reflects the true market value of an asset and thus helps the end-users to develop an in-depth understanding of the economic condition of financial market. The fair value accounting method will provide a clear display of the actual volatility in the market and thus prov iding a better understanding of the economic transactions to the investors and auditors. The establishment of principles-based accounting standards that incorporates the use of fair value measurement principle would promote transparent disclosure of financial information to the end-users. Also, it would help in developing the confidence of investors in financial reports through the depiction of actual economic condition of an organisation and thus promoting its future growth and profitability (Jones, 2015). Reliability in Accounting Reliability in accounting refers to presentation of verified and consistent financial information to the end-users that is free from any error. The reliability principle of accounting states that financial statements should present true, reliable and relevant financial information to the stakeholders of an organisation. The principle in accounting states that only those accounting transactions should be recorded in the accounting system that can be verified completely with the objective evidence. The financial information presented through financial reporting is believed to be materially accurate if it truly represents the economic condition of an organisation. Thus, reliability in accounting usually refers to trustworthiness of the financial statements. The accounting reliability means that financial information presented to the end-users consistently provide the same financial outcomes (Maali and Jaara, 2014). The principal of reliability in accounting is mainly introduced with the objective of reduction of errors and omitting misstatements of financial information presented before the investors and creditors. In addition to this, the principle of reliability in accounting also refers that financial information presented to the end-users can be verified with objective evidence. The most common example of objective evidence includes purchase receipts, cancelled cheques and bank statements. The financial information published in financial reports must be error-free and accurate so that it serves the purpose with which it is has been developed (Maali and Jaara, 2014). Disclosure of Environmental liability Companies should record a provision in relation to environment costs of retiring an asset as per the US standard setter The business organisations operating in the U.S. are currently facing environmental legislation for minimising the environmental damage done by the companies. Business operating in the U.S. is expected to maintain environmental compliance for ensuring environment protection. In this context, the US standard setter FASB has adopted a provision in relation to environmental costs of retiring an asset for reserving environmental liabilities if its fair value can be reasonably estimated. The major difficulty faced by the businesses regarding estimating an accounting provision is recognition of environmental liabilities. The environment liabilities presents difficulty in financial reporting due to uncertainties associated with it in the nature of contingencies (Uzochukwu, et al., 2009). The difficulty in assessing a fair market value of the environment liability caused the business organisations to postpone the recognition of their environmental liability. However, later FASB has implement ed strict litigation for the business organisations to reserve for environment liabilities even in the condition of uncertainty. For example, an asbestos-contaminated factory is required to have sufficient reserves for covering the environmental damage that can occur due to asbestos. Companies have to incur huge cost for achieving environmental compliance as they have to display millions of dollars in their income statements for covering environment liabilities. Thus, companies have to estimate the provision relating to environment liabilities by taking into account adequate reserves for covering the environment damage (Wolk, 2008). Requirements for US companies to defer recognition of a liability The US companies defer their liability in relation to recognition of an environment liability by mothballing a contaminated property. The FASB has issued provisions in the year 2002 for accounting environment liabilities in relation to the retirement of an asset if its market value can be reasonably estimated. The conditional nature of estimating a fair market value of assets being retired from service has caused the businesses to defer their liability indefinitely by taking proper reserves against a contaminated property. The retirement of assets such as manufacturing facilities or parts of facilities in business organisations requires to be taken into account as environment liability. Thus, the main requirement for US companies to defer recognition of a liability is that fair value of a retiring asset should be estimated properly (Stolowy and Lebas, 2006). Impact of recognition of a liability in relation to future restoration activity on Net Profit in current and future years The recognition of an environment liability requires business organisations to take proper reserves for minimising the environmental damage that can occur in the future. Thus, as per the litigation implemented by the FASB business organisations have to incur million of dollars for restoring environmental damage that can occur with the recognition of a liability in future. Thus, net profit for the current year is negatively impacted with huge expenditure of a business corporation in deferring an environment liability. However, the business organisations after taking into account adequate reserves against an environmental liability can minimise the occurrence of a contingency condition. Thus, the future net profit is expected to increase with the implementation of proper measures for restoring environment damage in a business corporation (Wolk, 2008). Cash flow in the current and future years As discussed above, the net profit in the current year will decrease with the recognition of an environmental liability as companies have to incur high cost for maintain adequate reserves against the recognised liability. The reduction in net profit is estimated to decrease the present cash flow position of the current year. On the other hand, future cash flows is expected to increase with the rise in net profit in future years. Importance of companies recognising environment liability and extent of disclosure being liability sufficient The environment legislation has proliferated at the federal, state and local levels with the increase of environment damage caused by business operations. Businesses worldwide now have to obtain environmental compliance for ensuring environment protection by their operational activities. The companies must recognise their environment liability for addressing the issues relating to environmental protection and thus protecting it from any damage that can occur due to release of hazardous substances into the environment (Rogers, 2005). The recognition of an environmental liability is important so that companies can take into account adequate reserves for covering the environmental damage. It is important for companies to identify environment liability for minimising the occurrence of a future contingency that can negatively impact its sustainability and growth (Uzochukwu, et al., 2009). The recognition of environment liability will also help business companies to take into consideration the environment hazards associated with its operational activities. Thus, the business companies can take measures in advance that will help in missing the chances of occurrence of environmental hazards and thus ensuring environment protection. The proper accounting of environment liability also help business companies to promote their goodwill in the international market and thus increasing brand awareness. The recognition of an environment liability is not easy due to unknown damage associated with it. The business companies should therefore maintain proper financial reserves for environment liabilities so that environment hazards can be prevented from the occurrence. The FASB has also implemented litigation that business companies should follow in order to safeguard environment protection from their operational activities. In addition to this, the business organisations should als o comply with the environmental laws and regulations in order to safeguard from any environment damage. The disclosure about the environment liability is sufficient to an extent for business companies that its fair value is estimated in the income statement of a company (Uzochukwu, et al., 2009). References Camfferman, K. and Zeff, S.A. 2015. Aiming for Global Accounting Standards: The International Accounting Standards Board, 2001-2011. OUP Oxford. Epstein, B.J. 2009. Wiley GAAP 2010: Interpretation and Application of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. John Wiley Sons. Greenberg, M. 2013. Fair Value Accounting, Historical Cost Accounting, and Systemic Risk: Policy Issues and Options for Strengthening Valuation and Reducing Risk. Rand Corporation. Jones, S. 2015. The Routledge Companion to Financial Accounting Theory. Routledge. Maali, B. and Jaara, O. 2014. Reality and Accounting: The Case for Interpretive Accounting Research. International Journal of Accounting and Financial Reporting 4(1), 155-168. Macve, R. 2015. A Conceptual Framework for Financial Accounting and Reporting: Vision, Tool, Or Threat? Routledge. Mazhambe, Z. 2014. Review of International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) Proposed New Conceptual Framework. Journal of Modern Accounting and Auditing 10 (8), 835-845. Rogers, G. 2005. Financial Reporting of Environmental Liabilities and Risks after Sarbanes-Oxley. John Wiley Sons. Stolowy, H. and Lebas, M. 2006. Financial Accounting and Reporting: A Global Perspective. Cengage Learning EMEA. Unegbu, A. O. 2014. Theories of Accounting: Evolution Developments, Income Determination and Diversities in Use. Research Journal of Finance and Accounting 5 (19), 1-15. Uzochukwu, G. et al. 2009. Proceedings of the 2007 National Conference on Environmental Science and Technology. Springer Science Business Media. Whittington, G. 2008. Fair Value and the IASB/FASB Conceptual Framework Project: An Alternative View. ABACUS 44 (2), 139-168. Wolk, H. I. 2008. Accounting Theory: Conceptual Issues in a Political and Economic Environment. SAGE.

Answers to Questions About Writing Fiction

Answers to Questions About Writing Fiction Answers to Questions About Writing Fiction Answers to Questions About Writing Fiction By Mark Nichol Here are three questions from DailyWritingTips.com readers about aspects of fiction writing, each followed by my response. 1. When it comes to fiction dialogue, do any grammatical rules apply? Generally, dialogue in fiction should be consistent with the speech patterns and habits of the individual characters; that’s one way to convey their personalities, and such idiosyncrasy provides a note of authenticity. Search DailyWritingTips.com for â€Å"dialogue† to find numerous posts on the topic. 2. I have always thought that when writing dialogue and a character’s speech runs into multiple paragraphs, each paragraph should begin and end with quotation marks. However, recently I’ve seen it published where the first paragraph ends with no quotes but the second one begins and ends with them. Which is the correct way? The way you’ve seen it recently is standard: â€Å"First, second, and all other paragraphs except for the final one. â€Å"Final paragraph.† All paragraphs but the final one are left open because including a close quotation mark might lead a reader to believe that the quotation is final and that the next paragraph consists of a different character’s speech. The lack of a closing mark at the end of one paragraph and the use of an opening mark in the subsequent paragraph signals that the speech is continuing. It’s a good idea, however, to toss in an attribution or some stage business to identify the speaker now and then in an extended speech or in a conversation involving more than two speakers. 3. Why is it a crime to use a clichà © in a novel? We all use clichà ©s in talking with people, so why the big no-no when writing? In social situations and other informal environments, â€Å"lazy† language is acceptable it’s a lot of work to keep up careful discourse. The same is true with casual writing. But novels should be written with the utmost care, even if the tone is colloquial, with language that is as fresh and original as possible. Occasional idioms are acceptable, but strive to find your own way of expressing a thought or conjuring an image. Ultimately, the choice is up to you, but reader response (or lack thereof) may change your mind. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Fiction Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Bare or Bear With Me?15 Words for Household Rooms, and Their Synonyms25 Idioms with Clean

Hadrosaurus, the First Identified Duck-Billed Dinosaur

Hadrosaurus, the First Identified Duck-Billed Dinosaur Like many fossil discoveries from the 1800s, Hadrosaurus is simultaneously a very important and a very obscure dinosaur. It was the first near-complete dinosaur fossil  ever to be discovered in North America (in 1858, in Haddonfield, New Jersey, of all places), and in 1868, the Hadrosaurus at the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences was the first dinosaur skeleton ever to be displayed to the general public. Hadrosaurus has also given its name to an extremely populous family of herbivores- the hadrosaurs, or duck-billed dinosaurs. Celebrating this history, New Jersey named Hadrosaurus its official state dinosaur in 1991, and the sturdy lizard is frequently invoked in attempts to pump up the Garden States paleontology pride. What  Was Hadrosaurus Really Like? This was a robustly built dinosaur, measuring about 30 feet from head to tail and weighing anywhere from three to four tons, and it probably spent most of its time crouched on all fours, chomping on the low-lying vegetation of its late Cretaceous habitat in North America. Like other duck-billed dinosaurs, Hadrosaurus would have been capable of rearing up on its two hind legs and running away when startled by hungry tyrannosaurs, which must have been a stressful experience for any smaller dinosaurs lurking nearby!  This dinosaur almost certainly lived in small herds, females laying 15 to 20 large eggs at a time in circular patterns, and the adults may even have engaged in a minimal level of parental care.  (However, bear in mind that the bill of Hadrosaurus and other dinosaurs like it wasnt really flat and yellow, like that of a duck, but it did have a vague resemblance.) Still, as far as duck-billed dinosaurs in general are concerned, Hadrosaurus itself occupies the far fringes of paleontology. To date, no one has discovered this dinosaurs skull; the original  fossil, named by the famous American paleontologist Joseph Leidy, consists of four limbs, a pelvis, bits of the jaw, and over two dozen vertebrae. For this reason, recreations of Hadrosaurus are based on the skulls of similar genera of duck-billed dinosaurs, such as Gryposaurus. To date, Hadrosaurus appears to be the only member of its genus (the sole named species is H. foulkii), leading some paleontologists to speculate that this hadrosaur may really be a species (or specimen) of another genus of duck-billed dinosaur.   Given all this uncertainty, it has proven rather difficult to assign Hadrosaurus to its proper place on the hadrosaur family tree. This dinosaur was once honored with its own sub-family, the Hadrosaurinae, to which better-known (and more highly ornamented) duck-billed dinosaurs like Lambeosaurus were once assigned. Today, though, Hadrosaurus occupies a single, lonely branch on evolutionary diagrams, one step removed from such familiar genera as Maiasaura, Edmontosaurus and Shantungosaurus, and today not many paleontologists reference this dinosaur in their publications. Name: Hadrosaurus (Greek for sturdy lizard); pronounced HAY-dro-SORE-us Habitat: Woodlands of North America Historical Period: Late Cretaceous (80-75 million years ago) Size and Weight: About 30 feet long and 3-4 tons Diet: Plants Distinguishing Characteristics: Large size; broad, flat beak; occasional bipedal posture

The Effects of Divorce on Children and the Issues Involved Research Paper

The Effects of Divorce on Children and the Issues Involved - Research Paper Example It has been unveiled that divorce draws very strong and negative impact upon the children. The mental and physical health of the children is disturbed when their lives are changed due to the separation of their parents and the difficulties in adjusting in the new setting often evolve several short and long term negative impacts upon them. Proper handling of all the issues raised from the divorce of the parents is very important to ensure the normal future life of the parents and for this, it is imperative that the parents must manage the pre and post divorce relationship in a manner that they could sustain and support their children both physically and mentally (Laumann and Emery, 2000). The divorce of the parents generally acts as multiple stressors for the children. When they came to know that the things going to abruptly change for them after the divorce they are surrounded with lots of worried and uncertainty because it is not possible for them to figure out what exactly would happen to them and how their life would be managed after the separation of the parents. This uncertainty not only injects stress and depression among the children but also makes them fearful and frightened about their future. They have to cope up with the changes in their family structure brought by the divorce and then possible remarriage of the custodial partner. The situation seems highly challenging and distressing for the children because their immature minds often fail to understand several behaviours and reasons behind certain actions and ultimately their mind set is badly affected from the divorce of the parents. Children are strongly affected from the way parents deal with each other and when one partner hurts the other physically or emotionally, the children also experience stress and extreme depression. The poorly managed conflicts bring high level of apprehension

Alessandro algardi Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Alessandro algardi - Research Paper Example With the landmark of Cardinal Millini (d. 1629) in Santa Maria del Popolo, the Frangipani landmark in San Marcello al Corso, and the bust of Cardinal Laudivio Zacchia (Berlin), Algardi developed as the main opponent of Gian Lorenzo Bernini in the field of representation figure. Failing to offer Berninis dynamic imperativeness and infiltrating characterization, Algardis pictures were acknowledged for their temperance and surface authenticity. Algardis nearby companionship with Pietro da Cortona helped create his notoriety in Rome and likewise acquainted him with a classicizing style in figure that owed an extraordinary arrangement to Roman demeanor to authentic correctness and the impact of Christian antiquarianism. Maybe his most paramount requisition in the 1630s was for the marble tomb of Pope Leo XI in St. Dwindles (1644; raised 1652). Leo XI ruled as pontiff an insignificant 27 days in April 1605 (the requisition hailed from the popes incredible-nephew, Cardinal Roberto Ubaldini). Algardi accentuated Leos kindheartedness with figurative figures of benevolence and charitableness and the help model Cardinal de Medicis Legation to France. Dissimilar to Berninis tomb for Pope Alexander VII, which consolidated white and shaded marble with bronze, Algardis ecclesiastical tomb was etched altogether from white marble. After the decision of Pope Innocent X (1644), Algardi superseded Bernini in ecclesiastical support. Between this date and his demise in 1654, Algardi generated some of his most commended lives up to expectations, around them the situated statue of the pope now in the Palazzo dei Conservatori (1645) and a goliath marble easing of the Meeting of Attila and Pope Leo in St. Subsides (1646–53), which affected the improvement and advancement of illusionistic reliefs. Despite the fact that he was by and large less showy than Bernini, Algardi in this work viably made an overwhelming-size account whose foremost

Management and the Cultural Industries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Management and the Cultural Industries - Essay Example Music industry has as well attracted many followers and new artists are coming up every now and then hoping to make a living out of it. Features of music industry Diversity Music is one industry that has attracted people from all walks of life. No one is taken to be an alien in music since it incorporates all and inspires all regardless of gender, race, tribe or even age. It is so diverse that anyone can choose what they want to listen to (Abraham, 1974, p.292). It is not limited to only one theme but is diversified to accommodate all people so that everyone feels accommodated in this industry. Use of rhythms Any song produced is characterised by a certain way of presenting the lyrics to the audience. This way matters a lot since some musicians may sing off key and thus their music may not sell much. It is the organization of the beats and singing in a rhythmical way that makes all the difference. One can’t just present a song in any way and expect to change the audience. One rule should be: ‘present with audience in mind’. Practical Music is so applicable in our day to day lives and affects the way we lead our lives day in day out. One can identify with a certain song and be positively influenced maybe to stop a certain bad habit. Music is not a past tense event but one we live with thus assists in making our lives better if well applied where possible. Variety of compositional structures Music has several structures of composition since it could be solo or choir depending on the preference of the artist. Passages of homophonic chords could also be applied to make it livelier. This is could have a harmonic accompaniment which could be applied at the introduction, dynamic build up, and others at the climax (Dahlhaus, 1991, p.260). Reality of work in music cultural industry Music industry has grown pretty fast in this century as compared to how it was few decades ago. Much improvement has been made to ensure that this industry competes well w ith other industries. Players have been sensitised on how to ensure that their music is marketable and can reach many people and help them in various issues of life other than entertaining them. Players ought to concentrate very well to make sure that they are not carried away by fame and forget that music is self-employment and earns a living to them who take with the seriousness it deserves. Taking music as work is one character that will greatly assist the artists and make them realise that it needs to be taken seriously. It calls for one to work very hard and avoid many interruptions to concentrate with it. It could even land one to other side jobs such as master of ceremony in other events if taken seriously and accorded maximum concentration and dedication. In normal business life, working with dedication is suicidal to one’s business as well as life. It is imperative that business people learn to work hard just as music industry players do. Thus, a business person and one who works in the music industry get connected in that both have to work hard to their level best to ensure that they get maximum

Communication Healthcare

Communication Healthcare This essay will look at communication within a healthcare setting and will give examples from literature to demonstrate the importance of communication. It will use the work of (Ellis Beattie, 1986) and also (Egan, 1990) as models for effective communication. It will discuss whether these models are adequate alone to enable effective communication and will also draw on personal experiences from the clinical area. Communication underpins all other nursing interventions (Minardi Riley, 1997). Communication is a fundamental tool for healthcare delivery (Rungapadiachy, 1999). To listen to another person is the most caring act of all, Listening and attending are by far the most important aspects of being a nurse (Burnard, 1992). (Roper, 2001) Emphasizes communication as an integral part of the unique function of nursing. (Peplau, 1988) used the term, psychodynamic nursing, to describe the dynamic relationship between a nurse and a patient. Peplau described four phases of this relationship: The orientation phase, in which the person and the nurse mutually identify the persons problem. The identification phase, in which the person identifies with the nurse, thereby accepting help. The exploitation phase, in which the person makes use of the nurses help. The resolution phase, in which the person accepts new goals and frees herself or himself from the relationship. Peplau also identified six nursing roles of the nurse: Counseling Role working with the patient on current problems Leadership Role working with the patient democratically Surrogate Role figuratively standing in for aperson in the patients life Stranger accepting the patient objectively Resource Person interpreting the medical plan to the patient Teaching Role offering information and helping the patient learn (Betts, 1992) states that people have a basic drive to relate to one another, which is expressed through communication. Even if conversation doesnt take place, smiling as is not smiling a form of communication albeit non verbal. Communication can be conceptualized as a series of components that require a message, transmitter, receiver and a channel for transmission. All of these elements can be categorized into either verbal or non-verbal components. Both of these categories combine in the skill of active listening, which is a cornerstone of effective communication (Minardi Riley, 1997). (Ellis Beattie, 1986) used a diagram to illustrate the communication system, (appendix a). The communication system is divided into verbal and non-verbal parts. The verbal communication consists of words, clauses and sentences, which enables the exchange of information, clarification of issues, demonstrating understanding and to offer support and direction. The non-verbal system contains four elements: Prosodic, which is used to give emphasis to verbal communication through intonation and rhythm. Paralinguistic, which are the vocal but non-verbal expressions such as mmm, ah which will allow the person offering the information the confirmation that they are being listened to. Kinesic, is body language, for example facial expressions, gestures, position of the recipient. And The standing element, which may include physical appearance, personal space. Although a model of communication can simply demonstrate the communication process it can also oversimplify. A model only provides a framework for observing, understanding and predicting what occurs when two people communicate (Heath, 1995). Effective communication between a nurse and a patient is a conscious, goal directed process that differs from casual or social interactions. It is undertaken as a tool with which to develop trust, effect change, promote health, provide limits, reinforce, orient, convey, identify and work towards goals (Schultz Videbeck, 2002) An important aspect within effective communication is the ability to understand the message. Each element of communication must be examined separately. For example, within the Kinesic element, (Egan 1990) offers the acronym, SOLER, when considering the aspect of body language. Egan suggests to: Sit Squarely in relation to the client, Maintain an Open posture, Lean slightly towards the client, Maintain reasonable Eye contact, Relax. Through personal experience whilst in the clinical area I have implemented this acronym and found it effective although needing to examine my own actions later to assess whether its was used to its full potential. I have found that to sit squarely with the client isnt necessarily the best position this has offered periods of discomfort both for myself and visibly to the patient. By sitting in this position there is less opportunity to break eye contact without appearing distracted or disinterested. Open body posture can give a sense of disinterest as well as increasing anxiety in myself in situations where there may be a risk of physical aggression. In the suggestion that Egan gives of relaxing, this has been easier at times when the other suggestions of Egans have been modified. (Betts, 1992) states it is important not to stare at the patient for too long as this can be seen as an intimidating gesture as also can distance where too close can be seen as an invasion or a threat or too far can be interpreted as the nurse being unable to cooperate. Within the verbal element it is also important for the nurse to recognize the difference between a person saying what they mean and meaning what they say (Minardi Riley, 1997). An example of this from my own clinical experience was whilst having a conversation with a patient, they told me that they just wanted to kill themself. When we explored this statement further the patient said that they didnt actually mean they wanted to kill themselves but rather that they felt they couldnt cope with current problems. By sitting and discussing these problems, a number were able to be resolved and others discussed. In this situation and with such an alarming statement for a student nurse it would have been an easy get out to dismiss the statement. (Speight, 1991) however, states that by responding in this way could have led to the patient being unwilling to explore this statement further. Speight suggests that reflection can be used as a communication technique. For example, when the patient made the statement, the response that could be used is one of â€Å" you want to kill yourself?† and thereby encouraging a further response from the patient about the statement. To enable effective communication the healthcare worker must also be aware of the individual factors involved. All communication between individuals has internal factors that can influence the sending or receiving of the message, these may include beliefs, goals, physical and emotional states and the perceptions of others roles, status and personality. External factors may include environmental, social, biological, psychological and economic influences (George, 1990). (Minardi Riley, 1997) suggests that it is also important in being an effective communicator to ensure that the language used during communication is at a level that can be understood through familiarity of words. Once the basics of communication are understood, in order to turn this into effective communication it is important for the healthcare worker to examine their own actions through reflection (Minardi Riley, 1997). This may be done with the aid of a model of reflection such as Gibbs reflective cycle (appendix 2). Gibbs identifies five points for reflection. Description, feelings, evaluation, analysis, conclusion and action. By using Gibbs reflective cycle I have been able to identify obstacles either personal, environmental or on a physical level. This I believe has led me to a greater understanding of my own actions, thoughts or feelings and helped me identify solutions to these obstacles. Conclusion In conclusion, this essay has identified and examined models of communication and discussed the various elements involved. It has given examples from literature to stress the importance of communication and identified elements needed towards communication being effective within healthcare. It has drawn on personal experience form the clinical area to demonstrate the skills required in maintaining a therapeutic relationship and also identified the need for ongoing reflection during the communication processes.

Determinism in Nella Larsen’s Quicksand Essay -- Nella Larsen Quicksan

Determinism in Nella Larsen’s Quicksand During the Harlem Renaissance, many literary works concentrated on celebrating African American heritage. However, many other writers also began concentrating on the darker theme of naturalism. Nella Larsen’s Quicksand illustrates many elements of this movement. These include a biological determinism, where man is conceived of as controlled by his primitive animal instincts and a sociological determinism, whereby the weak are destroyed and the strong survive in a world of struggle and chance. Helga Crane, Larsen’s protagonist in Quicksand, illustrates the elements of both biological and sociological determinism in her inability to suppress her natural animal instinct to flee uncomfortable situations, and to comfortably conform in either of her opposing communities.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Helga cannot suppress her desire to flee from uncomfortable situations in any city that she lives in. In Naxos, she convinces herself that she is leaving a place that has â€Å"grown into a machine† (4). Although the conforming nature of the institution contributes to Helga’s desire to leave, she is also stirred with â€Å"an overpowering desire for action of some sort† (4). Instead of staying in Naxos and fighting a battle against the institute’s conservative attitudes, Helga chooses to flee an unpleasant reality. This exemplifies the â€Å"fight or flight† animal instinct that is said to control behavior in situations that become overwhelming. Instead of fighting, Helga time and time again chooses to leave what becomes unbearable to her. Once the decision is made to leave Naxos, Helga feels â€Å"like a person who had been for months fighting the devil and then unexpectedly had turned around and agreed to do his bidding† (5). Helga knows deep down that leaving Naxos is wrong, but the instinct to flee is so strong that she is powerless to deny it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In New York, Helga is also consumed by the animal instinct of flight. When Dr. Anderson calls on her after a chance meeting at a nightclub, Helga â€Å"had no intention of running away, but something, some imp of contumacy, drove her from his presence, though she longed to stay† (51). Once again, Helga succumbs to her overwhelming desire to leave an uncomfortable situation. Later she realizes with a â€Å"sense of helplessness and inevitability†¦that the weapon she had chosen had been a boomerang, for she herself had felt... ...at the advice she offers these women is looked upon with contempt. She begins to adapt to her life after Sary Jones advises her to â€Å"make de bes’ of et† but her efforts falter during her next pregnancy (125). Instead of making the best of her life, Helga hands over this responsibility to God which eventually leads to the same feeling of â€Å"dissatisfaction [and] asphyxiation that she felt in Naxos, New York and Copenhagen† (134). After all of her experiences, her inability to conform leads her right back to the same place she started from. It is obvious that Helga Crane will never truly be able to â€Å"fit in† in any society. It is apparent that Nella Larsen’s Quicksand is concerned with the naturalistic element of determinism. Helga Crane illustrates both a biological and sociological determinism in her animal instinct for â€Å"flight† and her inability to conform in any of her environments. Larsen’s ability to integrate these themes into the character of Helga proves that the Quicksand is not only representative of the Harlem Renaissance, but also of the naturalistic movement. Work Cited Larsen, Nella. Quicksand and Passing. Ed. Deborah E. McDowell. New Brunswick: Rutgers UP, 1986.

Rhetorical, Textual, or Source Analysis worksheet

Write a short, clear summary of the article: This article tackles the problem of unhealthy self-esteem among women allegedly caused by media-generated concepts of femininity and how best to confront this problem, which is through social activism and social marketing. It is fuelled by the results of numerous studies which suggest a strong link between the portrayal of unrealistic images of women in the media and the increasing tendency towards unhealthy eating and dieting behaviours of women. What is the context of the article? In â€Å"The Media’s Influence on Body Image Disturbance and Eating Disorders: We’ve Reviled Them, Now Can We Rehabilitate Them,† Thomson and Heinberg (1999) illuminate the growing concern among the American women population on the adverse impact of images portrayed in the mass-media on the self-perception and self-esteem of women who are exposed and vulnerable to subscribing to media-generated conceptions of femininity that have been linked to the increasingly unhealthy lifestyles taken up by more and more girls and women. What seems to be the author’s purpose? The authors discuss the mechanism by which the media is able to influence the lifestyle patterns of women in the aim of identifying ways by which girls and women would be able to resist or combat the ill-effects of media images on their behavioural, psychological, and physical health. They present a relevant perspective on how women can counter the psychological manoeuvres of the mass media. In what type of publication did this appear? Describe it. The article appeared in the academic â€Å"Journal of Social Issues,† a quarterly publication which publishes contributions from social scientists and academics that tackle the relationship between society and human beings and issues that arise from this. The journal is published by Blackwell Publishing in behalf of The Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues. Write a brief analysis of the author’s credentials and possible expertise or bias. If no information is available on the author, try to take a guess based upon his or her knowledge and writing ability, which you might derive from the article. Thomson and Heinberg (1999) are obviously academic experts in the field of psychology who have extensively studied the impact of media-mediated concepts on the feminine psyche. In fact, the result of their own research on the effect of media images on the self-esteem and self-concept of women was among the evidence they presented in the article. Who seems to be the target audience? Be specific. Judging from the language and tone of the article, the authors’ target audience are policymakers, development workers, and academic researchers. Here, Thomson and Heinberg (1999) clearly advocate for the creation and implementation of education-based programs that would benefit women by arming them with the knowledge to decipher the subliminal messages they are often bombarded with through advertisements and other forms of media. In short outline form, show the author’s stance. Then, explain and evaluate the presentation of the author’s stance. In other words, what’s the thesis? What reasons are given for this stance? Are the reasons supported well? The authors contend that social activism will encourage women to be active in challenging the social structures that profit from and reinforce the prevailing social biases and gender stereotypes of women, while social marketing will teach women not only to pursue the demystification of the â€Å"feminine ideal† but more importantly, in the generation of positive and realistic concepts of being women. The article therefore summarizes the results of recent research which support the contention that the mass media is one of the biggest source of poor self-concept and self-confidence for women, and proposes the combination of two-strategies, social activism and social marketing,   that would enable women to counter the concept of the â€Å"feminine ideal† portrayed in the media—that of the thin, airbrushed, and computer-generated model—by empowering them to see through this images and helping them develop a multi-dimensional concept of being a woman. Analyze the writer’s language. What is the writer’s tone? Why might he or she have chosen this tone? Is it effective? What words are defined or left undefined? Give examples. The writer’s language is formal and academic, which might have been chosen because its target audience are those from the academe such as social scientists and intellectuals. It effectively conveys the weight of the problem at hand and lends seriousness to the discussion of the solutions presented. Based upon your analysis, is this a credible piece of writing? Explain. Yes, because it presents extensive evidence to its claim gained from years of academic research by social scientists interested in the issue. While the authors have recognized that a direct link between the images propagated by the media vis-à  -vis women’s self-esteem has yet to be proven, the article manages to support its contention in an ample manner by showing how media images, even indirectly, shapes the way women think, consume, and behave. In turn, its argument of using the media itself to turn things around becomes more convincing and relevant especially for women and other sectors involved. Finally, and in detail (really think about this—refer to specifics) how do the stance and language choices relate to the author’s purpose and target audience? Explain. This article is written in a persuasive manner, and shows the authors’ capability to use relevant information to support their thesis. It is also written in a way that could be understood best by development practitioners and students of the social sciences, which is suited with its intention of convincing those who might be involved in advocacy or policy-making to seriously address the rise in the number of weight-related issues affecting women that is attributed to the pervasive influence of the media. Work Cited: Thomson, J. Kevin, and Heinberg, Leslie J. â€Å"The Media’s Influence on Body Image Disturbance and Eating Disorders: We’ve Reviled Them, Now Can We Rehabilitate Them?† Journal of Social Issues, 55.2(1999):339-353.

The first major experiment on conformity The WritePass Journal

The first major experiment on conformity Introduction The first major experiment on conformity IntroductionReferences:Related Introduction Conformity is defined as the act of matching attitude, beliefs and behaviour to what individual perceive as normal of their society or social group (Wikipedia ). Conformity is something that happens in everyday life. People conform because they like to be in a group or to go along with the group or society. This is the reason why we see same fashion, taste of music, movies, cars and many things of similar choices. So can we imagine a life without conformity? And what are the reasons of conformity. There are many reasons of conformity such as   normative social influence, informative social influence and social role conformity. The psychologists in the past have done researches on conformity. For example, Muzafer Sheriff (1938), Asch (1951), and Philip Zimbado (1973) had conducted experiments on why people confirm. In addition   Kelman (1958) identified three types of conformity. Compliance a type of conformity when people conform due to the views, opinions and beliefs of their fr iends or society. Internalization a type of conformity when one confirms to match a group and   Identification   a type of conformity when one adapts to a new behaviour of a group’s   view both privately and publicly. The first major experiment on conformity was done by Sherif (1935). He did an experiment to study the conformity. He wanted to see why people conform. With the use of auto kinetic effect, he asked the participants to look at the stationary spot of light in a darkened room in which small movements of the eyes made the light move. First, the participants were tested individually and then later in small groups of three. The answers were different when asked in individual   about the movement of light .Even so, when they were put in the group they ended up with similar answers to each other. This experiment showed that people conformed when in an ambiguous situation. They tend to seek informations and answers from others. However, this experiment was a total artificial situation so lacked ecological validity. The situation was unlikely to come across in everyday life. Moreover, there was no definite answer for it On the other hand, Asch (1951) conducted an experiment on conformity to see why people conform on an unambiguous situation. He   criticized Sherif’s experiment and suggested that the experiment had no definite answer .Asch `s experiment in contrast had a definite answer to the Sherif`s experiment. For this experiment, he participated seven people (confederates) whom were already told about the   behaviour beforehand, whereas one who was the real participant (subject) was not known about the experiment and believed that the others were also the real participants. The task was very simple to compare the line X with others A, B and C lines. Each participants were to deliver the answer aloud.   On each trial, the real participant was asked at last about his opinions on the lines. Asch found that the subject showed the influence by the majority and gave the wrong answers on average of 37% .74% at least conformed once and 26% never conformed. After the post experimental interv iew he concluded that people go along with the views of others for different reasons. Similarly, in 1980 the exact experiment was repeated by Perrin and Spencer with chemistry, engineering and mathematics students. In contrast to the result of Asch’s experiment ,conformity was high on only one trial out of 369 trials. So Perrin and Spencer (1980) suggested Asch study as â€Å"Child of its own time.† Asch’s experiment was   artificial as it was unlikely to come across in everyday life. And it was done at that time when Americans were high on conformity. In addition all the participants were males as the wider population was   ignored Philip Zimbado (1973) also conducted an experiment to see how people adapt to new roles of guards and prisoners. At that time in America, there were many reports of brutal attacks on prisoners by guards. So he was interested in finding out why the guards behave in such a way, was it because of the   sadistic personalities of the guard or   due to the environment of   the prison. The experiment was conducted on the basement of the Stanford University so was known as â€Å"Stanfords prison experiment†. For this, he selected   twenty- four students to become prisoners and guards, and he became the superintendent. He wanted to make the situation real so the ones who became prisoners were arrested with handcuffs and were put in the prison. They were given   prisoner’s uniforms and were referred by the numbers where as the ones who were guards were given military uniforms and were equipped with wooden batons and mirror shades glasses. The stimulation became so real that the guards became brutal   and sadist so the experiment had to stop in six days, which were rather planned for two weeks. From this experiment, he came to the conclusion that people conform to their social roles especially if the roles were strongly stereotype as the prison guards. The student who played the guards was not brutal before. After the post experimental interview he found out that people enjoyed the power and that the role had strongly influenced their behaviour and attitudes. Nevertheless, the experiment had important ethnical issues as the prisoners were mentally and physically tortured. Importantly mock prison was different from the real one, and the students were role playing. Apart from those reasons of conformity, there are various factors that influence the conformity .We humans are very complicated animals with lots of individual differences. Conformity also as well differs in individuals, and are influenced by many factors such as cultural, historical, gender, group size and so on. According to social psychologist culture are of two types, individualist culture such as of American and British and collective cultures such as of Asian and African. In individualist culture people tend to view oneself more   individually where as in collective they tend to view themselves as the member of   a group or society. So conformity tends to be high in collective cultures compare to individualist cultures. Historically, in 1950s Americans were high on conformity. It was the time when Asch conducted an experiment on conformity. Some studies have also found gender   differences in the conformity and found that higher conformity in women than in men. However, E agly (1978) suggested that the sex differences were due to their different social roles. Another important is the group size. Conformity is found higher in groups of three to five. On the other hand, conformity highly decreases when there is a lack of unanimity. When the tasks are more difficult, people are more   likely to conform as they seek others for information and answer. In addition if the person is knowledgeable he may stick and believes himself and may not go along with the group so are low in conformity. In conclusion, conformity is going along with the group for different reasons at various situations. It is something that dominates our lives. It happens everyday, and we cannot run from the fact that conformity exists in a society. In short it is about our society and the interaction we have in our society. It is neither   good nor bad but sometimes conformity is helpful sometimes not. Besides there are many types of conformity such as compliance, Internalisation and identification. Psychologists   had done various researches or experiments on conformity and different findings ,opinions and criticism were made. Sherif, Asch, and Zimbado have fairly justified the experiments. However, these things are unlikely to come across in everyday life. Besides, conformity is   influenced by factors such as cultural, historical, gender, type of task, size of the group and so many other factors. References: Michael W. Eysenck (2008) AS Level Psychology, Fourth Edition. East Sussex: Psychology Press Ltd. Mark Holah. Conformity. Available:http://holah.co.uk Last accessed on 19/04/2011. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/conformity McLeod, S.A (2007) Simply Psychology [On-line] UK Available: psychology.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk Accessed on 19/04/2011.

9 Marvelous Things to Do on Spring Break

9 Marvelous Things to Do on Spring Break Spring is coming, and this means that you will have some spare time to spend with your friends, family or on your own. If the thoughts about your upcoming spring break dont urge a dreamy smile on your face, then you probably need to read our article about the best places to visit and the best things to do on your spring break. We promise that our ideas will make you more enthusiastic about this period of your school year. Lets get straight to business and look at some fun things to do on spring break. What to Do on Spring Break with Your Family Many students go home for a spring break. Its a perfect occasion to gather and have fun with your beloved ones. Here are a few activities for family time: 1. Go on a trip Going on a trip is an excellent idea for a family vacation. You can choose where to go according to the type of pastime you prefer: Theme parks – with rides, clubs, attractions, and games. This type of parks provide activities for different age groups so every family member will find an exciting occupation there. Adventure parks – for those who love active sports. Rope climbing, zip line adventures or skiing – what do you prefer? Choose the best experience for you and your family. Natural wonders – Grand Canyon, Niagara Falls or Arches Natural Park. The beauty of nature is healing for your stressed mind. A boat trip – spend a few days on board and relax admiring the waves. 2. Attend a baseball game Its the beginning of a new game season, dont miss a chance! Hot dogs, friendly atmosphere, and favorite teams are perfect components of the great family day. 3. Open a barbecue season If the weather is fine, take advantage of it, and gather with your family for a barbecue. Make your backyard a place of fun and tasty grilled meal. Family activities like baseball, tennis and board games will help you to spend time with fun and joy. What to Do on Spring Break with Your Friends If you decided to spend this time with your friends, you know for sure you wont get bored. Take a look at some of the most interesting and exciting activities for a group of friends on spring break. Here are three things to do on spring break for college students. 1. Have a beach party Beach parties are trendy among students. Sea, sand, drinks, music, and tasty snacks are a perfect combination. Invite your college mates to shop for some must-haves: disposable tableware, punch ingredients, balls for beach volleyball, and sunscreen. 2. Set off on a road trip A road trip around the country is a classic activity to have during school breaks. You can go hitchhiking, but taking your car or your friend’s car will be safer and more comfortable. Pick the places you want to visit, create your route on a map and start your adventure. 3. Visit a party spot Even though Cancun, Jamaica, Las Vegas or Miami are pricey, they attract thousands of students from different places for a spring break vacations. With parties until dawn and lots of places for a shopping spree, these are the perfect places to spend your spring break with your friends. Check out other ideas for fun activities for you and your friends. What to Do on Spring Break by Yourself If you dont want to spend this time with anyone else or the circumstances make you so, we have some exciting ideas for you too. 1. Watch Netflix and chill You probably had a very intensive semester with lots of assignments and deadlines. Relax and have some healing time for your body and your soul. Watching TV, eating tasty food and going for a walk will make you feel like a whole new person with lots of energy to start your new semester. There are some excellent TV shows about college life that you will find entertaining and fun to watch. 2. Take some time for spring cleaning Not everyone likes to make a cleaning session at home. However, it can be fun and kind of relaxing activity. Take your time and start slowly. By cleaning the mess around, you can clear your mind and get rid of disturbing thoughts. Fresh clothes and shiny mirrors will positively affect your mood. 3. Volunteer Sometimes we forget about people who are in need of our help and sympathy. You can dedicate your spare time to making someones life a little better. Visit shelters and local churches to find out more about the ways you can help. Or maybe there is a senior who lives next to you? You can make your contribution with small deeds – helping with groceries or cleaning. By helping others, you can help yourself to distract from anxious thoughts and stressful studying semester. So, these were 9 things to do for spring break at home or with your friends. Hope, you will find our ideas useful. Have a good time!

Using digital marketing and outdoor Ads for SMEs Essay

Using digital marketing and outdoor Ads for SMEs - Essay Example This makes marketing a key characteristic that may determine the success of Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SMEs). This relationship between marketing and small businesses is a concern of many researchers. Mc Cartan-Quinn and Carson (2003) were perhaps pioneers in investigating this relationship. Much of their work (1995, 2003) focused on the role of digital marketing and traditional marketing (with one of this tools is outdoor advertising) for SMEs. Their studies, which were conducted in Ireland, concentrated on examining which issues impact upon marketing in the small businesses (Cartan-Quinn and Carson,2003: p202). However, according to Nahas (2009), marketing and information support and availability are the main obstacles confronted by small and medium enterprises. Many subsequent researchers (e.g., OShea 1998, Motwani, Jiang and Kumar 1998, and Evans and Moutinho 1999) were believed that small businesses tend to be far more creative and innovative than the larger organizatio ns. Moreover, according to (Zartmam, 1978 p29) the factor for SMEs success is the ability to take advantage of modern business techniques. In order to be successful, SMEs must attempt to use modern business techniques, procedures and efficient equipment where available (Kuratko & Hodgetts, 1995). When businesses use modern business techniques, they are virtually guarantees to remain competitive and efficient in their respective markets. This is particularly important for SMEs (Ghose & Yang, 2010 p18). As result, SMEs should consider at digital marketing and outdoor advertising as one of these techniques. It is, therefore, necessary to look for the features of marketing in SME, mainly the digital marketing and outdoor advertising management functions and capabilities with a view to assisting SMEs through the critical stages to permanence. The following is a research proposal with an aim of creating an outline to assist in preparation of final research project that will

A guideline on the privacy of personal data stored on company-owned Essay

A guideline on the privacy of personal data stored on company-owned mobile devices - Essay Example In terms of maintaining company privacy, the company can use IT experts to track their employees. This is useful for knowing the location of employees at a particular time compared to where they are supposed to be. Employers sometimes allow employees to carry company-issued mobile devices such as iPhones and iPods. It has been in the news that iPhones and iPods are able to track the physical location of the person possessing them secretly. These types of devices can be used for business purpose and track personal information of the user blurs privacy between corporate information and personal information. This is because the devices can track personal location of the user and store it in unencrypted files found in the devices and on the owner’s computer. As a result, the organization IT experts can obtain this data from the employee’s computer according to Bidgol. This type of device is usually equipped with a Global Positioning System (GPS) that tracks the individualâ €™s location. This proves to a threat to personal privacy of employees and thus the need for organizations to come up with a policy and a legal guideline on the type of information to be gathered using such devices. For instance, there should be a guideline on maintaining an employee’s privacy when using a personal Smartphone while conducting company business. Employees need to know how much to share with organization clients when using either personal device or company device. Organizations further, need to consider the issue of transparency if they are determined to track physical location of their employees or get customers. This will involve informing employees about the policies on how to shield their privacy while using company devices or while conducting company business with personal devices. There is also need for organizations to equip their mobile devices with mobile payment system that will discourage employees from misusing the devices. IT managers have estim ated that employees often spend more than an hour every day on non-work related web services. These include online games, internet surfing, gambling and shopping among others. The downloading and storage of such personal data results in various internet based threats on critical company data stored in the devices misused. The threats include susceptibility to virus and worm attacks, malware infection, and hacking of private and restricted company sites and passwords. In most cases, this leads to the organizations taking tough measures of protecting their devices by installing GPS functionality that later hinders the privacy of the user. The advantages gained by organizations in having their employees work at different locations at different time brings out the need for protecting personal information used by employees while at work. For the same purpose, both the organization and employees should understand the limit and the technical control needed when using such mobile devices. T his includes the organizations coming up with policies based on technical control of their mobile devices to provide about the extent that the device as suggested by Garfinkel and Spafford (2002) can control the personal data of the employee. This may include providing a set download of a specific capacity before a using a personal device for connecting the network of the organization. An organization is required to draw a line regarding personal privacy infringement. Infringement of personal data occurs when the organization exposes personal information that may be a threat to their safety. In order to avoid this,